International Conference on Medicine, Nursing and Healthcare April 11-12, 2019 Hotel Radisson Blu, Yas Island, Abu Dhabi, UAE

Biography:

Ashli Milling is a Lecturer in Orthoptics at The University of Liverpool, UK. She has graduated from the University of Liverpool in 2009 with a first class Honors. She has worked as a Clinical Orthoptist in Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, UK for five years.

Abstract:

The Kay Picture (KP) VA test is one of the UK’s leading tests for pre-literate children in clinical practice. The test has since been redesigned to modernise the optotypes. Phase-1: Resolution acuity for 25 pictures, 8 Landolt C’s and 5 ETDRS letters were assessed in adults. Phase-2: Recognition phase assessed children (<30 months). Phase-3: Resolution acuity of a reduced number of pictures and the Landolt C. Phase-4: Comparison of the KP test with LEA symbols and the ETDRS. Phase-5: Collection of age related norms. Mean (±SD) acuity with 25 pictures: -0.12±0.12 to -0.31±0.11 LogMAR, Landolt C’s: -0.06±0.12 and -0.13±0.10 for the ETDRS. Three pictures were removed at this point. Picture recognition was assessed in 420 children (<30 months). A further 10 pictures were removed based on recognition. Resolution acuity was assessed in 42 adults with the remaining 12 pictures. Based on individual recognition thresholds, the picture selection was reduced to six. A further 113 adults were assessed with the new KP test, the ETDRS and LEA symbol. The mean bias indicated similar results between tests. Phase-4 evaluated the repeatability of the KP test and the ETDRS in 100 adults, no significant difference was found between either test (p=0.1). Phase-5: Mean (±SD) acuity in children (<30 months): 0.10±0.07 LogMAR. The redesigned KP test has been shown to be highly comparable with current gold standard VA assessments. The new single crowded optotype enables clinicians to assess younger patients (<2 years), which potentially could detect amblyopia earlier than previously possible.

Biography:

Monika Kaushal has pursued MBBS, MD Pediatrics and DM Neonatology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences. She is currently pursuing MSC Neonatology from Southampton University, UK. She is working as a Consultant at Emirates Hospital Group

Abstract:

The aim is to reduce infection in unit by relearning infection control policies. Outcomes in neonatology have improved dramatically in the last three decades. Improved survival- associated with increasing short-term and long-term morbidity. Infections are important cause of morbidity and mortality. Majority of infections are potentially preventable. Early onset sepsis related to maternal and perinatal factors on which NICU professionals have little control. Late onset usually Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) and linked to infection control measures and are controllable and potentially preventable. Reported incidence of sepsis is 15-50% depending on location and gestation, 25% of VLBW in the NICHD network were having LOS. Incidence falling in developed economies, e.g. 15% in Canada (2010/11) and drop from 38/1000 admissions to 20/1000 admissions in the UK (2006-2014) and Gulf region (2013-15) it is 56/1000 admissions. Seasonal variations have been described to reduce the infection; we need to have policies in place. Some of which are hand hygiene policy, central line policy and bundles, isolation policies, antibiotic policies, cleaning and waste. We might have disjointed between policy and care delivery. The metrics being used were nor accurate/fit for purpose. If we look at hand hygiene policy, it may happen that there may be policy in place, IC team audits showing high compliance but fly on the wall observation revealed a different story, non-compliance widespread, accessibility of hand gel at bedside was an issue, Turnover of new staff e.g. residents who were poorly oriented. So, we need to work on the missing gap and improve the compliance. Similarly, for central line bundle it may have issues in any of the following: Bundles in place, IC team reporting high compliance, wrong metric being used was a tick box exercise with no empowerment of nurses, no standardization, application of antiseptic and adherence to aseptic technique suspect, type of antiseptic used, multiple breaks in to the line and indefinite line duration. When we do quality improvement then we can have infection free NICU.

Biography:

Bamini Devi has completed her PhD from Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Nursing, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India. She has 14 years of experience in the field of teaching/research related to nursing. She is the Nursing Director for Venkateshwara Hospital and has published more than 14 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

The objectives of the study were to determine the effectiveness of Comprehensive Stroke Education Program (CSEP) on knowledge and quality of life among patients with stroke and to evaluate the effectiveness of CSEP on knowledge and burden among caregivers of patients with stroke. Randomized controlled trial research method was adopted. Patients who were diagnosed to have ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke based on CT-scan findings with mRS (modified Rankin Scale) grade 1-4 score, which indicates mild to moderate disability after stroke were considered as stroke victims and their caregivers who fulfill eligibility criteria were chosen. Sample size was 170 dyads in that 85 dyads in the study group and 85 dyads in the control group were recruited by lottery method. Pretest assessment was taken on demographic variables, clinical variables, knowledge on stroke, ADL and generic QoL for the patient and knowledge was assessed for the caregiver of both the groups. Following pretest, CSEP was implemented to the study group dyads apart from the routine care by laptop-assisted teaching by lecture cum demonstration method on one to one basis. Booklet on Life after stroke was issued to study group dyads on the day of discharge, which contained information on CSEP. The posttest assessments were taken on 30^th day, 90^th day and 180^th day at neurology OPD for both the groups. Comparison of mean scores of knowledge on stroke between the study and control group showed the level of knowledge found to be high among study group patient at p<0.001. The mean scores of ADL in the study group and in the control group during posttest-I, II and III was statistically significant at p<0.05 level. The mean scores of PCS during posttest-I, II and III showed statistically significant at p<0.05. MCS mean score during posttest-I, II & III was statistically significant at p<0.05. Overall mean scores of SSQOL in the study group were found to be higher than that in the control group during posttest-I, II and III at p<0.01 between groups. The level of knowledge on stroke between the study and control group caregivers during posttest-I, II and III was statistically significant at p<0.01 level. The burden mean scores were higher in the control group caregiver than the study group caregiver during the posttests and were statistically significant at p<0.01 level during posttest-I and II and p<0.05 level during posttest-III. Based on the findings it is concluded that the combination of interventions like structured teaching, information booklet on Life after stroke and telephonic reminder and reinforcement are capable of increasing knowledge on stroke and thereby improving ADL and quality of life of patients with stroke and minimizing the caregiver burden. The Individual and Family Self-Management theory by Polly Ryan and Kathleen Sawin was chosen to incorporate the ideas of this study. Recovery after stroke is physically and mentally exhausting since stroke affects each person differently. Patients must be persistent enough to achieve favorable recovery following stroke.

Biography:

Lama Yousef Alsamnan has completed her Doctor of Optometry degree from King Saud University, Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Optometry Doctor Program and Degree of Honor in 2018. Currently, she is working as an Optometry Doctor at Global Eye Care, Riyadh and has been serving as a Researcher at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh.

Abstract:

Introduction & Aim: The association of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and keratoconus is well documented. The aim is to determine the characteristics of corneal topography among children with VKC compared to normal subjects and to determine the prevalence of subclinical keratoconus in patients with VKC. It is a cross sectional study.

Method: Forty (40) consecutive subjects (80 eyes) with VKC (VKC group) and 40 normal subjects (80 eyes) (control group) were included in this study. Clinical assessments included measurement of visual acuity with a LogMAR chart, cycloplegic refraction, complete slit lamp biomicroscopy and Goldman applanation tonometry. Pentacam (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) derived corneal topography indices were recorded for both groups. Demographic data and topographic indices were analyzed and compared using the unpaired t-test between groups. Statistical significance was indicated by p<0.05.

Result: Thirty-three (82.5%) patients in the VKC group were males. The mean age at presentation was 10.43±1.99 years in the VKC group. Subclinical Keratoconus (KC) was found in in 48 eyes (60%). Compared to the control group, Maximum anterior elevation, Keratoconus Index, Central Keratoconus Index, Index of Surface Variance, Index of Vertical Asymmetry, Index of Height Decentration were significantly higher in the eyes with VKC with subclinical KC while Minimum Sagittal Curvature was significantly lower (p<0.05, all comparisons).

Conclusion: Compared to the normal control group, patients with VKC had a greater preponderance of myopic astigmatism that required correction. Sixty percent (60%) of patients with VKC had abnormal Pentacam indices compared to the control group.

Biography:

Vijay Dahiya has passed his MD Pediatrics from PGIMS Rohtak in 2004 as in Service Candidate. He is having experience of 15 Years in Pediatrics. He worked as a Medical Superintendent, as a Deputy Civil Surgeon and now he is a Civil Surgeon at Mukand Lal Civil hospital. He did many research works and attended many International, National  Conferences all around the world.

Abstract:

We made a research with the Preterm Infant mortality and morbidity at Mukand Lal District Civil Hospital from 2011. Till date 4867 number of newborn has been admitted in this secondary care level newborn unit. Out of these 3412 were treated and discharged from hospital, 1247 were referred to tertiary care centers and 208 newborn expired during treatment. It was observed that one important cause of neonatal mortality and referral to tertiary care centre was premature or preterm birth of newborn. As out of 208 deaths 129 were preterm babies. Preterm birth, defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation is an important cause of neonatal deaths and ultimately a major contributor to overall infant and child mortality. So, it is important to address the determinants of poor outcomes related to preterm birth to achieve further reductions in infant and child mortality. Infant mortality and morbidity due to premature birth can be reduced through interventions delivered to the mother before or during pregnancy and during labor, and to the preterm infant after birth. Interventions can be directed to all women for primary prevention and reduction of the risk of preterm birth (e.g. smoking cessation programme) or aimed at minimizing the risk in women with known risk factors (e.g. progestational agents, cervical cerclage). However, the most beneficial set of maternal interventions are those that are aimed at improving outcomes for preterm infants when preterm birth is inevitable (e.g. antenatal corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate and antibiotic prophylaxis). It also need certain guidelines to provide evidence-based recommendations for interventions during pregnancy, labour and during the newborn period that are aimed at improving outcomes for preterm infants.

These guidelines are mandatory for health-care professionals responsible for developing national and local health-care protocols and policies, as well as managers of maternal and child health programmes and public health policy-makers in all settings.This guideline focuses on improving maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with preterm birth, and specifically includes both the care of pregnant women at imminent risk of preterm birth (birth < 37 weeks of gestation) and the care of preterm babies immediately after birth in all settings. Women at imminent risk of preterm birth are the pregnant women who are likely to deliver a preterm baby either as a result of onset of spontaneous preterm labour, preterm premature rupture of membranes or elective (or indicated) preterm birth.

Biography:

Titih Huriah has pursued his PhD from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia. She is a Nurse in Community Nursing who focused on children nutrition. She has published more than 20 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of Indonesian Journal of Nursing Practices

Abstract:

Stunting is still a problem in Indonesia. The highest prevalence of stunting in 2013 is in East Nusa Tenggara (51.7%), West Sulawesi (48.0%) and West Nusa Tenggara (45.3%). Stunting problems describe chronic nutritional problems, influenced by the condition of the mother or expectant mother, fetal period and infant or under-five years, including illness suffered during childhood. Like other nutritional problems, not only health issues, but also influenced by other conditions that indirectly affect health. The aim is to review the literature related to the events stunting determinant in Indonesia and identify the factors that have an impact on the incidence of stunting in children. Leading databases were searched electronically between the years 2013 and 2017. A database of relevant health including EBSCO, PubMed, BiomedCentral, ProQuest, DOAJ and Scholar in the search by using a combination of search terms: Determinants of stunting, malnutrition, risk factors stunting, Indonesia, Southeast Asia. Twelve (12) articles identified from 815 articles were included in the review. A few factors for the occurrence of stunting in Indonesia included: Factor of the child, family factors, sanitation and infectious diseases. This review literature review found out that the most dominant factors that causes stunting in children in Indonesia are children with Low Birth Weight (LBW), boys, not exclusively breastfed for six months, poorly educated parents, low social economics, parent with malnutrition and poor sanitation at home.

Biography:

Farhana Tabussum completed her BS Nursing at RMIT University, Australia at 1999, did her Diploma on Nursing at Aga Khan University at 1984. She worked in Pakistan Army at AFNS and also she is a head of EMS Faculty at Al Ghad College of Health Sciences, Jeddah. She represented the First “Nursing Now” Summit inaugurated by President of Pakistan at President House. She received the First Metropolitan Nursing Award by Karachi Mayor 2018. She has attended many National and International Conferences all around the world for about 15 years. Her Research work in the field of Nursing received many awards and Honors.

Abstract:

Background:

With advancements in medical & nursing fields it had been noticed that globally phenomenon of aging is going to be entirely an experience of attention. Health care providers including all stakeholders have to pay an extra ordinary interest to formulate a comprehensive and systematical elderly care. Geriatric care is now forecast as a vital need of the aging population especially in Pakistan where the development of health care system needs special consideration. Elderly care in Pakistan needs to be emphasized more vigorously as aging population is deprived of resources & a systemic framework with a comprehensive care designed especially for this vulnerable group.

Objective:

This study will recognize & classify the challenges & aspects of elderly care in Pakistan with a special focus on nursing staff and policy makers to develop a pathway to help this vulnerable population to receive the best possible.

Discussion:

The current health care system and the nursing education, training and services system in Pakistan is not well established and does not provide a comprehensive care system which may meet the needs of elderly population. The increasing number of older people worldwide is getting a considerable attention globally. The challenges & issues faced in Pakistan become more serious due to the limited resources, lack of focused care system and deficiency of awareness of the concerned issue

Biography:

Mohamad Miqdady is American Board certified in Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition. He is the Division Chief, Ped. GI, Hepatology & Nutrition Division at Sheikh Khalifa Medical City in UAE. Program Director, Pediatric Gastroenterology Fellowship Training program, SKMC, Abu Dhabi, UAE. Also an Adjunct Staff at Cleveland Clinic, Ohio USA. He completed his Fellowship in Pediatric Gastroenterology at Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital in Houston, TX, USA. He held the position of Assistant Professor at Jordan University of Science and Technology in Jordan for six years prior joining SKMC.

Abstract:

It is quite humbling to know that most of the cells in our bodies are bacterial cells. Moreover, “Bacterial System” is the largest organ in our body. There are more than a thousand different species in our body that lives in harmony with us. It is there for a good reason; that is helping us to stay healthy.

The science of probiotics is mounting exponentially. There is a huge amount of research being done all over the world to demystify this unique system. The role of probiotics in clinical practice is expanding very fast; it is indicated in various Gastrointestinal disorders, for example diarrheal illnesses whether that is infectious (Rota, C. Diff etc) or antibiotic induced or inflammatory in nature like Inflammatory bowel disease. Others may include irritable bowel syndrome, recurrent abdominal pain and several others.

Hostile environment like birth by cesarean section, formula fed, frequent use of antibiotics or severe chronic illness my affect the probiotic milieu negatively. These kinds of patients may benefit from restoring their bacterial system. Strong evidence based practice guidelines by International societies are limited; giving the huge number of different probiotics and the substantial differences in methodology of these studies. These guidelines and metanalysis studies will be presented and discussed in length during my presentation.

Biography:

Sultan Alharthi has completed his MBBS from King Saud University. He is a Family Medicine Resident at the Saudi Board of Family Medicine in Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract:

Background & Aim: A responsive and comprehensive Primary Healthcare (PHC) system leads to a more efficient health system, lower rates of hospitalization, fewer health inequalities, better health outcomes and lower costs. Despite its routine use in the work course of most hospitals worldwide, accreditation has only recently has been introduced into the PHC setting in Saudi Arabia. The aim is to assess the impact of accreditation on quality of care as perceived by patients and PHC staff members as well as to compare the quality of healthcare services provided by accredited and non-accredited primary healthcare centers.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two Primary Health Care (PHC) centers that pass accreditation on CBAHI and two none-accredited PHC centers, in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia. The study population consists of patients attending PHC centers and staff working in the selected PHC centers. Two pre-designed self-administered questionnaires were used for both patients and healthcare providers.

Results: The study included 770 patients recruited from four primary healthcare centers (two in Makkah and two in Taif cities) and 47 primary healthcare staff members working in the same centers. Patients attended accredited PHC center were more significantly satisfied with its services compared to those attended none-accredited center. Regarding screening services, lipid panel, fasting plasma glucose and HBA1c screening were more significantly performed in accredited PHC centers than non-accredited centers. Regarding the surveyed scales of the impact of accreditation of primary healthcare centers, from staff`s perspectives, the mean scores computed for the scales and subscales were all high.

Conclusion: Patients attended accredited PHC center were more significantly satisfied with its services compared to those attended none-accredited center. Almost all services, including screening tests were more performed at accredited than non-accredited PHC centers. Positive impact of accreditation of primary healthcare centers on their services was ascertained according to staff`s perspectives.

Biography:

Edna Joyce Santos has been a dedicated Ophthalmologist for the past 28 years. She is also a Member of the National Society of Expert, Writers and Speakers in the United States. She is an international Reviewer for a lot of ophthalmological journals and has been invited as an international speaker in different conferences abroad.

Abstract:

A lot of countries around the world are still underserved by ophthalmologists. The expense of setting up an ophthalmology clinic is so high that majority of the population do not have access to ophthalmic services and investigations. In fact, instead of expanding, most medical centres prefer to forego opening satellite clinics that could have increased practice efficiency and revenue. The purpose of this study is to show that there is a new online platform, called Saccadio Suites that bridges the gap between the lack of ophthalmologists in distant locations and the availability of management systems that not only provide access to affordable ophthalmic tests and investigations but also could connect more patients to the clinic than ever before. In order to give a clear picture of a patient’s eye condition, a powerful blend of structural and functional devices was used such as the Saccadio Web and Saccadio Haploscope, collectively known as the Saccadio Suites. The Saccadio Suites help in the prevention of blindness by bridging the gap between the lack of ophthalmologists and ophthalmic services in remote areas. It increased the clinic’s efficiency by making very fast, accurate and comprehensive eye examination. The remote teleophthalmologist gets the report online, makes an immediate interpretation and decides on the treatment. Most of the ophthalmic devices in the market today provide only structural tests but not the functional tests included in the Saccadio Haploscope. It is, therefore, highly recommended that clinics and medical centers avail of Saccadio Suites which are integrated with artificial intelligence that can be automated to facilitate diagnosis and management of eye diseases.

Biography:

Safiah H Mulla is a Faculty Staff at the Department of Optometry. She holds her BSc in Optometry from King Saud University (1987). Currently, she is the Rector's Counsellor for Maintenance and Operating Affairs for King Saud University Female Campus.

Abstract:

Aim: This study is a comparison between the Visual Acuity (VA) measurements with the preliterate LogMAR LEA symbols VA chart (LH) and the standardized Early Treatments for Diabetic Retinopathy Study VA chart (ETDRS) in young children to help further define reported validity limitations of the former.

Method: Forty (40) healthy and visually normal children age 40 to 83 months were recruited in a cross-sectional prospective study with all participants being required of being able to recognize the 10 Sloan letters. Under a standardized and controlled clinical setting, VA was measured monoculary and randomly using both the LEA and the ETDRS charts. A child’s VA threshold level is reached when a minimum of three letters on a line cannot be read correctly.

Results: VA scores of the two charts were highly correlated (r=0.90, p<0.0001), with a clinically significant over estimation of 0.04 (<0.50 line) LogMAR in the LEA chart scores regardless of the subjects’ age or gender. The two charts were in total agreements in the detection of subjects’ inter-ocular difference.

Conclusion: This study indicates that the preliterate LEA chart can provide a valid alternative that matches the accuracy of the standard adult ETDRS chart for measuring VA in young normal children. However, the LEA chart may overestimate the acuity score measured by the ETDRS chart; therefore, the two charts cannot be used interchangeably.

Biography:

Saed Al Nobani still as student in his MSN at the age of 35 years from Liverpol University and Bachelor degree in Nursing from jordan university . He is the Manager of Education & life support in Enaya Hospital/ Enaya medical group In KSA-Dammam, he is certified as Patient safety officer from American institution of healthcare Management  ,  He has published more than 3 papers in jordan about quality, patient saftey & waste managment  
 

Abstract:

Introduction : define what is Quality? what is Saftey?  what is the methoed we will use in this presentation? i will Speak about the STEEEP , and the describtion of each part of alone plus the Quality Prinicple that we describe the ESR from them

Methods: Being conducted in 2017, this qualitative study was the first of its type in KSA. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 45 Multidisplanary Cargivers working in different departments & Hospitals across the Kingdom . The participants were selected using a Random sampling method.Interviews were transcribed and analyzed following a qualitative content analysis approach.  Written text was then coded, and themes were extracted from the data. Ethical considerations: The study was conducted with multidisplanary free informed consent and was approved by Ethics Committee of Enaya Hospital/ Enaya Medical group.

Findings: By analyzing the data, we found that disribuation for the multidispalnary over a diffrent commities over 1 year and 2 month has improved the outcome of the acheivment of the ESR by 38% as a results from the CPAHI Rounds on july 2017

Conclusion: the distrubuation for the multidisplanary over  all hospital comitties can improve significantly the percentage of ESR when being changed in yearly basies with taking the consedration of the active work for this Comitties and number of members.

Biography:

Farhana Tabussum completed her BS Nursing at RMIT University, Australia at 1999, did her Diploma on Nursing at Aga Khan University at 1984. She worked in Pakistan Army at AFNS and also she is a head of EMS Faculty at Al Ghad College of Health Sciences, Jeddah. She represented the First “Nursing Now” Summit inaugurated by President of Pakistan at President House. She received the First Metropolitan Nursing Award by Karachi Mayor 2018. She has attended many National and International Conferences all around the world for about 15 years. Her Research work in the field of Nursing received many awards and Honors

Abstract:

Vision

To help the Pakistani nursing profession successfully deal with the challenges of health care by empowering  the nurses and midwives to make a difference in improving health care delivery while raising the status and profile of nursing

Mission

The mission of Nursing Now is to facilitate Pakistani nurses and midwives locally & regionally to develop outstanding influence in developing & implementing health care related policies. Simultaneously,  encouraging growth and uplifting of nursing force through quality education & training. To support emerging leaders & role models while assisting gender equality. To promote qualitative research establishing a way forward to achieve great impact of desired positive change which will enhance good nursing practice at all levels while developing & shaping it to improve the quality of life. The empowerment of nurses & midwives will aid in stronger economy in Pakistan with global collaboration achieving Universal Health for All target.

Biography:

Mohammad Javad Hosseinabadi-Farahani is a PhD candidate in Nursing at University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Currently, he is a Clinical Educator and Educational Supervisor in Erfan Grand Hospital in Tehran city.

Abstract:

Background & Aim: Academic burnout is one of the challenges in nursing education that is particularly important due to the stressful nature of the field. The experience of this phenomenon over the course of the students’ education and its persisting effects after graduation lead to poor academic performance, job dissatisfaction, reduced quality of nursing services and even leaving the profession. This study aims to determine the level of academic burnout and examine its contributing factors in nursing students at Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2016.

Method: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 180 undergraduate nursing students selected through the census method. Data were collected using a personal demographic information form and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS), and the content validity and internal consistency of the tool were confirmed. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS-16. The level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: The total academic burnout score obtained was 39.2±14.4, which suggests moderate levels of academic burnout in the students. A total of 67.7% of the students received a moderate academic burnout score. Of all the dimensions of academic burnout, academic inefficacy had the highest mean (16.5±5.91). The academic burnout score had a significant inverse correlation with the variable of GPA (r=-0.3, P<0.001) and a significant relationship with the type of residence (P=0.001).

Conclusion: Moderate and high levels of academic burnout in nursing students contribute to a diminishing performance, especially in terms of learning clinical skills. A greater understanding of the factors causing an increase or reduction in academic burnout can therefore help prevent or minimize the occurrence of this phenomenon. Moreover, nursing education planners should take special account of factors such as academic performance, type of residence and level of interest in the discipline.

Biography:

Abstract:

Introduction:

Diabetes mellitus is a vascular disease that will affect the most important body organs such as the brain, heart, kidney and the eye as well as the pancreases. Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a disease of the retina; profound ischemia will lead to neovascularization of the disk (NVD), retina (NVE), iris (NVI) and the angle (NVA). World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, globally, 422 million adults aged over 18 years were living with diabetes in 2014. In 2016 WHO has reported that Saudi Arabia took the second rank as the highest in the Middle East, and is seventh in the world for the rate of diabetes.

Method:

A population-based, cross-sectional survey along with retinal imaging will be conducted. The survey will be written in English, and will be verbally translated to the Arabic language to ensure that patients fully understand each question. It consists of two main sections, the first section contains patient personal information, educational background, duration of the disease, and family history and medical history of diabetes mellitus. The second section contains questions designed to evaluate and measure the patients’ awareness of diabetic retinopathy. Each Diabetic patient will be examined using modern Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to measure retinal layers thickness and take an enface image of the retina.

Result:

This study included data from 554 participants, 380 of those do not think diabetes will affect their eyes. In addition, almost the same present did not know diabetic retinopathy. The samples ranging in age from 10 to 80years, most of the samples are between 40-59years old. The samples are almost half males and half females. Most of the participants have diabetes of less than 10 years and the majority were type two diabetes.